tested for by FTPS are Open Neural Tube Defects, Down's Syndrome, Trisomy 18 and Trisomy 13. More accurately, the FTPS actually are tests for "indicators" which suggest an increased risk for these defects, thus requiring more testing for definitive diagnosis. FTPS, which consists of a sonogram and blood test, is a relatively new tool in the obstetrical arsenal. Only since 2004 have doctors conducted these tests so early in the pregnancy. Unlike previous sonograms conducted to identify Fetal Heart Beat or the number of fetuses, this sonogram is specially conducted to examine the fetuses' necks. By measuring the accumulation of fluid at the back of the baby's neck called Nuchal Translucency, which collects there normally, the physician can evaluate whether the NT is high, indicating increased risk for some chromosomal abnormalities, congenital heart defects and other genetic syndromes. These tests combined are excellent predictors of potential problems to come. FTPS detects approximately 85% of Down Syndrome and 97% of Trisomy 18. Typically, if the patient reveals an indication of defects she would further tests such as Chronic Villus Sampling (CVS) be required. Normal screening results do not guarantee that you are out of the woods, nor does an abnormal result necessarily mean the fetuses will have a birth defect. FTPS requires a "maternal" blood sample. The blood is used to analyze two chemicals called free beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and pregnancy associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), which are found in the blood of all pregnant women. In some pregnancies when the baby has Down syndrome, trisomy 13, or trisomy 18, there is extra fluid behind the baby's neck and/or the hCG and PAPP-A results are higher or lower than average.